PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE – MEANING, USE & FORMS
1. MEANING AND USE
· Unfinished Actions - Acciones que no se han finalizado.
We use this tense when we want
to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the past
and continue to the present. Usually, we use it to say 'how long' and we need
'since' or 'for'. We often use stative verbs. ( Usamos este tiempo verbal cuando nos referimos a acciones que han comenzado en un pasado pero aún continúan en el presente. Palabras como "How long" , since o for aparecen en este tiempo)
I've known Karen
since 1994.
She's lived in
London for three years.
I've worked here
for six months.
SINCE AND FOR - Desde y por
A . We use 'since' with
a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be
another action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school since I
arrived). Utilizamos since (desde) en los siguientes casos:
I've known Sam
since 1992.
I've liked
chocolate since I was a child.
She's been here
since 2 pm.
B. We use 'for'
with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months). Usamos "For" (por) con un periodo de tiempo como en los siguientes ejemplos:
I've known Julie
for ten years.
I've been hungry
for hours.
She's had a cold
for a week.
· Finished Actions - Accions finalizadas, experiencias.
Life experience. These are
actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don't say
when the experience happened. We often
use the words 'ever' and 'never' here. (Eventos que son parte de la experiencia en la vida de una persona sin decir el momento exacto en el cual ocurrir)
I have been to Tokyo.
I have been to Tokyo.
They have visited Paris three times.
We have never seen that film.
·
A finished
action with a result in the present (focus on the result). Acciones finalizadas con un resultado en el presente, se focaliza el resultado.
We often use the present perfect to talk about
something that happened in the recent past, but that is still true or important
now. (Utilizamos este tiempo verbal para hablar de sobre algo que ocurrió en un pasado rciente pero tiene efecto o influye en nuestro presente)
I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
·
We
often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently
I haven`t finished my homework yet.
I've just seen Lucy.
I have already seen that movie.
I
2. FORM - Formas
·
AFFIRMATIVE - Afirmativa
·
'have' / 'has' + the past participle
·
Make the past participle by adding 'ed' to regular verbs (for example, 'play'
becomes 'played')
·
There are a few verbs that change their spelling when
you add 'ed' (for example, 'study' becomes 'studied')
I have played
|
I've played
|
you have worked
|
you've worked
|
he has written
|
he's written
|
she has walked
|
she's walked
|
it has rained
|
it's rained
|
·
NEGATIVE - Negativo
The negative is really simple
too. Just put 'not' after 'have' or 'has':
Negative Short Form
|
|
I have not eaten breakfast today
|
I haven't eaten
|
you have not been to Asia
|
you haven't been
|
he has not seen the new
film
|
he hasn't seen
|
she has not played tennis
|
she hasn't played
|
it has not snowed this winter
|
it hasn't snowed
|
we have not slept all night
|
we haven't slept
|
they have not tried the food
|
they haven't tried
|
·
QUESTIONS - Preguntas
To make a question, put 'have'
or 'has' in front of the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
|
have I missed the bus?
|
have you visited London?
|
has he worked as a waiter before?
|
has she met John?
|
has it been cold this week?
|
have we arrived too early?
|
have they studied English grammar before?
|
As you can imagine, for 'wh'
questions, we just put the question word before 'have' or 'has':
'Wh' Questions
|
where have I left my umbrella?
|
what have you done today?
|
why has he gone already?
|
where has she been in the UK?
|
why has it rained so much this summer?
|
what have we done?
|
where have they learned English before?
|
IF YOU WANT TO PRACTICE THIS TENSE, CLICK HERE
AS A SUMMARY, I SHARE WITH YOU THIS MIND MAP. I HOPE YOU FIND IT USEFUL! 👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
AS A SUMMARY, I SHARE WITH YOU THIS MIND MAP. I HOPE YOU FIND IT USEFUL! 👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻👇🏻
